Superior Analgesic Effect of an Active Distraction versus Pleasant Unfamiliar Sounds and Music: The Influence of Emotion and Cognitive Style
Identifieur interne : 000392 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000391; suivant : 000393Superior Analgesic Effect of an Active Distraction versus Pleasant Unfamiliar Sounds and Music: The Influence of Emotion and Cognitive Style
Auteurs : Eduardo A. Garza Villarreal [Danemark] ; Elvira Brattico [Finlande] ; Lene Vase [Danemark] ; Leif Stergaard [Danemark] ; Peter Vuust [Danemark]Source :
- PLoS ONE ; 2012.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- physiology : Cognition, Emotions.
- Adult, Analgesia, Analysis of Variance, Female, Humans, Male, Music, Pain Management, Pilot Projects, Sound, Young Adult.
Abstract
Listening to music has been found to reduce acute and chronic pain. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood; however, emotion and cognitive mechanisms have been suggested to influence the analgesic effect of music. In this study we investigated the influence of familiarity, emotional and cognitive features, and cognitive style on music-induced analgesia. Forty-eight healthy participants were divided into three groups (empathizers, systemizers and balanced) and received acute pain induced by heat while listening to different sounds. Participants listened to unfamiliar Mozart music rated with high valence and low arousal, unfamiliar environmental sounds with similar valence and arousal as the music, an active distraction task (mental arithmetic) and a control, and rated the pain. Data showed that the active distraction led to significantly less pain than did the music or sounds. Both unfamiliar music and sounds reduced pain significantly when compared to the control condition; however, music was no more effective than sound to reduce pain. Furthermore, we found correlations between pain and emotion ratings. Finally, systemizers reported less pain during the mental arithmetic compared with the other two groups. These findings suggest that familiarity may be key in the influence of the cognitive and emotional mechanisms of music-induced analgesia, and that cognitive styles may influence pain perception.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029397
PubMed: 22242169
PubMed Central: 3252324
Affiliations:
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Garza Villarreal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus and Aalborg, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus and Aalborg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus and Aalborg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brattico, Elvira" sort="Brattico, Elvira" uniqKey="Brattico E" first="Elvira" last="Brattico">Elvira Brattico</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Cognitive Science, Institute of 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Aarhus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><addr-line>Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Neuroradiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vuust, Peter" sort="Vuust, Peter" uniqKey="Vuust P" first="Peter" last="Vuust">Peter Vuust</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, University of Aarhus, Aarhus</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus and Aalborg, Denmark</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>The Royal Academy of Music, Aarhus and Aalborg</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Aarhus and Aalborg</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="e-ISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Analgesia</term><term>Analysis of Variance</term><term>Cognition (physiology)</term><term>Emotions (physiology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Music</term><term>Pain Management</term><term>Pilot Projects</term><term>Sound</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cognition</term><term>Emotions</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Analgesia</term><term>Analysis of Variance</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Music</term><term>Pain Management</term><term>Pilot Projects</term><term>Sound</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Listening to music has been found to reduce acute and chronic pain. The underlying mechanisms are poorly understood; however, emotion and cognitive mechanisms have been suggested to influence the analgesic effect of music. In this study we investigated the influence of familiarity, emotional and cognitive features, and cognitive style on music-induced analgesia. Forty-eight healthy participants were divided into three groups (empathizers, systemizers and balanced) and received acute pain induced by heat while listening to different sounds. Participants listened to unfamiliar Mozart music rated with high valence and low arousal, unfamiliar environmental sounds with similar valence and arousal as the music, an active distraction task (mental arithmetic) and a control, and rated the pain. Data showed that the active distraction led to significantly less pain than did the music or sounds. Both unfamiliar music and sounds reduced pain significantly when compared to the control condition; however, music was no more effective than sound to reduce pain. Furthermore, we found correlations between pain and emotion ratings. Finally, systemizers reported less pain during the mental arithmetic compared with the other two groups. These findings suggest that familiarity may be key in the influence of the cognitive and emotional mechanisms of music-induced analgesia, and that cognitive styles may influence pain perception.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wiech, K" uniqKey="Wiech K">K Wiech</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ploner, M" uniqKey="Ploner M">M Ploner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tracey, I" uniqKey="Tracey I">I Tracey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bingel, U" uniqKey="Bingel U">U Bingel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tracey, I" uniqKey="Tracey I">I Tracey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pfab, F" uniqKey="Pfab F">F Pfab</name></author><author><name sortKey="Winhard, M" uniqKey="Winhard M">M Winhard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nowak Machen, M" uniqKey="Nowak Machen M">M 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Shackman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davidson, Rj" uniqKey="Davidson R">RJ Davidson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baron Cohen, S" uniqKey="Baron Cohen S">S Baron-Cohen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Richler, J" uniqKey="Richler J">J Richler</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bisarya, D" uniqKey="Bisarya D">D Bisarya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gurunathan, N" uniqKey="Gurunathan N">N Gurunathan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wheelwright, S" uniqKey="Wheelwright S">S Wheelwright</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Danemark</li><li>Finlande</li></country></list><tree><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Garza Villarreal, Eduardo A" sort="Garza Villarreal, Eduardo A" uniqKey="Garza Villarreal E" first="Eduardo A." last="Garza Villarreal">Eduardo A. Garza Villarreal</name></noRegion><name sortKey=" Stergaard, Leif" sort=" Stergaard, Leif" uniqKey=" Stergaard L" first="Leif" last=" Stergaard">Leif Stergaard</name><name sortKey=" Stergaard, Leif" sort=" Stergaard, Leif" uniqKey=" Stergaard L" first="Leif" last=" Stergaard">Leif Stergaard</name><name sortKey="Garza Villarreal, Eduardo A" sort="Garza Villarreal, Eduardo A" uniqKey="Garza Villarreal E" first="Eduardo A." last="Garza Villarreal">Eduardo A. Garza Villarreal</name><name sortKey="Vase, Lene" sort="Vase, Lene" uniqKey="Vase L" first="Lene" last="Vase">Lene Vase</name><name sortKey="Vase, Lene" sort="Vase, Lene" uniqKey="Vase L" first="Lene" last="Vase">Lene Vase</name><name sortKey="Vuust, Peter" sort="Vuust, Peter" uniqKey="Vuust P" first="Peter" last="Vuust">Peter Vuust</name><name sortKey="Vuust, Peter" sort="Vuust, Peter" uniqKey="Vuust P" first="Peter" last="Vuust">Peter Vuust</name></country><country name="Finlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Brattico, Elvira" sort="Brattico, Elvira" uniqKey="Brattico E" first="Elvira" last="Brattico">Elvira Brattico</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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